Impact of Climate Change on Health

 


What is the impact of global climate change on health?

Although heating may bring some localized benefits, like fewer winter deaths in temperate climates and increased food production in certain areas, the general health effects of a changing climate are likely to be overwhelmingly negative. Climate change affects social and environmental determinants of health clean air, safe beverage, sufficient food, and secure shelter.

Extreme heat

Extreme high air temperatures contribute on to deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory illness, particularly among elderly people. In the heat wave of summer 2003 in Europe for instance, quite 70 000 excess deaths were recorded.

High temperatures also raise the amount of ozone and other pollutants within the air that exacerbate the cardiovascular and respiratory illness.

Pollen and other aeroallergen levels also are higher in extreme heat. These can trigger asthma, which affects around 300 million people. Ongoing temperature increases are expected to extend this burden.

Key facts

Climate change affects the social and environmental determinants of health – clean air, safe beverage, sufficient food and secure shelter.

Between 2030 and 2050, global climate change is predicted to cause approximately 250 000 additional deaths per annum, from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhoea and warmth stress.

The direct damage costs to health (i.e. excluding costs in health-determining sectors like agriculture and water and sanitation), is estimated to be between USD 2-4 billion/year by 2030.

Areas with weak health infrastructure – mostly in developing countries – are going to be the smallest amount ready to cope without assistance to organize and respond.

Reducing emissions of greenhouse gases through better transport, food and energy-use choices may result in improved health, particularly through reduced pollution.

Climate change

Over the last 50 years, human activities – particularly the burning of fossil fuels – have released sufficient quantities of CO2 and other greenhouse gases to trap additional heat in the lower atmosphere and affect the worldwide climate.

In the last 130 years, the planet has warmed by approximately 0.85oC. Each of the last 3 decades has been successively warmer than any preceding decade since 1850

Sea levels are rising, glaciers are melting and precipitation patterns are changing. Extreme weather events are getting more intense and frequent.


Natural disasters and variable rainfall patterns

Globally, the amount of reported weather-related natural disasters has quite tripled since the 1960s. Every year, these disasters end in over 60 000 deaths, mainly in developing countries.

Rising sea levels and increasingly extreme weather events will destroy homes, medical facilities and other essential services. More than half the world's population lives within 60 km of the ocean. People could also be forced to maneuver, which successively heightens the danger of a variety of health effects, from mental disorders to communicable diseases.

Measuring the health effects

Measuring the health effects from global climate change can only be very approximate. Nevertheless, a WHO assessment, taking under consideration only a subset of the possible health impacts, and assuming continued economic process and health progress, concluded that global climate change is predicted to cause approximately 250 000 additional deaths per annum between 2030 and 2050; 38 000 thanks to heat exposure in elderly people, 48 000 thanks to diarrhoea, 60 000 due to malaria, and 95 000 thanks to childhood undernutrition.


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