Black Death: A global pandemic


Black Death: A global pandemic


The Black Death was a devastating global epidemic of plague that struck Europe and Asia within the mid-1300s. The plague arrived in Europe in October 1347, when 12 ships from the Black Sea docked at the Sicilian port of Messina. People gathered on the docks were met with a horrifying surprise: Most sailors aboard the ships were dead, and people still alive were gravely ill and covered in black boils that oozed blood and pus.

The Black Death most likely originated in Central Asia or East Asia, from where it travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1347. From there, it had been presumably carried by fleas living on the black rats that travelled on Genoese merchant ships, spreading throughout the Mediterranean Basin and reaching Africa, Western Asia, and therefore the remainder of Europe via Constantinople, Sicily, and therefore the Italian Peninsula. Current evidence indicates that when it came onshore, the Black Death was in large part spread by human fleas which cause plague and therefore the person-to-person contact via aerosols which plague enables, thus explaining the in no time inland spread of the epidemic, which was faster than would be expected if the first vector was rat fleas causing bubonic plague.

The Black Death was the second disaster affecting Europe during the Late Middle Ages (the first one being an excellent Famine) and is estimated to possess killed 30% to 60% of Europe's population. In total, the plague may have reduced the planet population from an estimated 475 million to 350–375 million within the 14th century. There were further outbreaks throughout the Late Middle Ages, and with other contributing factors it took until 1500 for the ECU population to regain the amount of 1300 (Crisis of the Late Middle Ages). Outbreaks of the plague recurred at various locations around the world until the first 19th century.

Symptoms of theBlack Plague

Europeans were scarcely equipped for the horrible reality of the Black Death. “In men and ladies alike,” the Italian poet Boccaccio wrote, “at the start of the malady, certain swellings, either on the groin or under the armpits…waxed to the bigness of a standard apple, others to the dimensions of an egg, some more and a few less, and these the vulgar named plague-boils.”

Blood and pus seeped out of those strange swellings, which were followed by several other unpleasant symptoms fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhoea, terrible aches and pains, and then, in short order, death.

The plague attacks the systema lymphatic, causing swelling within the lymph nodes. If untreated, the infection can spread to the blood or lungs.

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